Excretion, Osmoregulation And Nervous System, Biology MDCAT Unit 2

 

BIOLOGY MCAT series for UHS TOPIC WISE TEST (UNIT–2) Cover TOPICS of

EXCRETION, OSMOREGULATION and NERVOUS SYSTEM, Biology MDCAT Unit 2

Q.1            Which function of the liver results in the production of bile pigments?

A) Breakdown of haemoglobin                      

B) Detoxification of metabolic poisons

C)   Deamination of amino acids                    

D) Release of stored vitamin A

Q.2            Deamination in the liver initially produces:

A) Ammonia                                                   

B) Ornithine

C)   Arginine                                                   

D) Urea

Q.3            Which component is not filtered into Bowman’s capsule?

A) Sugars                                                        

B) Urea

            C)   Amino acids                                             

            D) Proteins

Q.4            It is not the part of human urinary system:

            A) Kidney                                                       

            B) Bladder

            C)   Liver                                                        

            D) Urethra

Q.5            All of the following are involved in kidney stone formation except:

            A) Calcium                                                     

            B) Uric acid

            C)   Oxalate                                                    

            D) Urea

Q.6            Which one can bring about osmoregulation?

            A) ADH                                                          

            B) Counter current mechanism

            C)   Aldosterone                                             

            D) All A, B, C

Q.7            Presence of ________ in urine indicates renal damage:

            A) Urea                                                           

            B) Proteins

            C)   Glucose                                                    

            D) Salts

Q.8            The central part of kidney from where the renal artery and renal vein enter and leaves the kidneys respectively is:

            A) Renal pelvis                                               

            B) Renal hilus

            C)   Renal capsule                                           

            D) Renal cortex

Q.9            If due to some reason aldosterone secretion is inhibited then which of the following event will take place:

            A) No urine formation                                    

            B) More Na+ reabsorption

            C)  Decreased interstitium concentration        

            D) No water reabsortion

Q.10        Process that is specifically involved in maintaining pH of filtrate in nephron is:

            A) Pressure filtration                                       

            B)  Selective reabsorption

            C)  Tubular secretion                                      

            D) Concentration of urine

Q.11        Glomerular filtrate is like “____________” in its composition:

A) Blood without proteins                              

B)  Serum without antibodies

C)  Plasma without proteins                            

D) Blood without blood cells

Q.12        Maximum amount of water is reabsorbed from:

A) Proximal convoluted tubules                     

B)  Loop of Henle

C)  Distal convoluted tubules                          

D) Collecting ducts

Q.13        Human liver is involved in:

A) Synthesis of iron                                        

B)  Recycling of iron

C)  Detoxification of food                              

D) Storage of bile

Q.14        Blood leaves glomerulus via:

A) Afferent arteriole                                       

B)  Efferent arteriole

C)  Peritubular capillaries                                

D) Renal vein

Q.15        Which one is named as glomerular filtrate?

A) Filtrate in glomerulus                                 

B) Filtrate in Bowmann’s capsule

C)  Filtrate in collecting ducts                         

D) Blood in peritubular capillaries

Q.16        Part of nephron that is always impermeable to water is:

A) PCT                                                           

B) Ascending limb

C)  DCT                                                          

D) Descending limb

Q.17        Highest concentrated interstitium is of:

A) Outer medulla                                            

B) Outer cortex

C)  Inner medulla                                            

D) Inner cortex

Q.18        Phosphate stones can be seen in _____ area of effected kidney:

A) Loop of Henle                                           

B) Bladder

C)  Ureter                                                        

D) Pelvis

Q.19        Which types of rays are used in lithotripsy?

A) US rays                                                      

B) UV rays

C)  X rays                                                       

D) IR rays

Q.20        Destruction of glomerular parts of nephrons in kidneys will directly lead to:

A) Hypertension and deficiency of RBCs      

B) Pathology and infections

C)  Hypotension and increase in RBCs           

D) Urinary obstruction and infections

Q.21        Hemodialysis means cleaning of blood through:

A) Kidney                                                       

B) Peritonium

C)  Artificial kidney                                        

D) Lithotripsy

Q.22        This is true about dialysis:

A) It can be a permanent solution of kidney failure 

B)  It completely replaces kidneys in body

C) It is repeated several times in kidney patients                                            

D) It involves active removal of nitrogenous wastes from blood

Q.23        A human kidney excretes:

            A) Urea                                                           

            B) Uric acid

            C)  Urea and uric acid                                     

            D) Urea, uric acid, creatinine and ammonia

Q.24        Which of the following is not found in a renal pyramid?

            A) Collecting ducts                                         

            B) Vasa recta

            C)  Peritubular capillaries                                

            D) Convoluted tubules

Q.25        In an adult, passage of urine from bladder to urethra is consciously controlled by:

            A) Smooth muscle sphincter                           

            B) Cardiac muscle sphincter

            C)  Skeletal muscle sphincter                          

            D) All A, B, C

Q.26        The main function(s) of the kidneys is/are:

I.       Regulation of white blood cell production

            II.      Control of body temperature

            III.    Breakdown of toxic substances

            IV.    Excretion of nitrogenous wastes

            V.     Maintenance of water balance

A) II only                                                        

B) I, III and V

C)  II and IV                                                   

D) IV and V only

Q.27        In comparison with the renal artery, the renal vein carries:

            A) A higher oxygen concentration and more nitrogenous waste

            B)  The same oxygen concentration and the same amount of nitrogenous waste

            C) A lower oxygen concentration and less nitrogenous waste

            D) A lower oxygen concentration and more nitrogenous waste

Q.28        Aldosterone is produced from:

            A) Posterior pituitary                                      

            B) Adrenal cortex

            C)  Adrenal medulla                                       

            D) Kidney

Q.29        The main secretion by tubular epithelium to balance pH is:

            A) Na⁺ Ions                                                    

            B) H⁺ Ions

            C)  Fe⁺⁺ Ions                                                   

            D) Ca⁺⁺ Ions

Q.30        It is true about kidneys in human body:

            A) Right kidney slightly larger than left kidney

            B)  Right kidney slightly lower than left kidney

            C) Right kidney slightly more active than left kidney                                     

            D) Right kidney produces more concentrated urine than left

Q.31        Baroreceptors are located in our:

A) Spinal cord                                                

B) Carotid arteries

C)  Brachial arteries                                        

D) Nasal cavity

Q.32        Cell body of interneurons is located in:

A) White matter of spinal cord                       

B) Gray matter of brain

C)  Dorsal root ganglion                                  

D) Ventral root ganglion

Q.33        By definition sensory neurons connect:

A) Sensory organs with CNS              

B) CNS with effectors

C)  Sensory organs with effectors                   

D) Brain with spinal cord

Q.34        It is not a function of neuroglia for neurons:

A) Nutrition                                                    

B) Conduction

C)  Protection                                                  

D) Myelination

Q.35        They may be more than a meter long in some neurons:

A) Dendron                                                    

B) Soma

C)  Dendrite                                                    

D) Axon

Q.36        All of the following functions are controlled by the cerebrum except:

A) Intelligence                                    

B) Sensation

C)  Memory                                                    

D) Digestion

Q.37        Long term memory is function of:

A) Cerebrum                                                   

B) Corpus callosum

C)  Hippocampus                                            

D) Hypothalamus

Q.38        A statement not true about mid brain:

A) It is part of brain stem                                

B) Located above pons

C)  Contains visual cortex                               

D) Contains auditory relay center

Q.39        Reduced part of human brain is:

A) Forebrain                                                   

B) Hindbrain

C)  Midbrain                                                   

D) Spinal cord

Q.40        In nervous system, white matter is made up of:

A) Cell bodies of neurons                               

B) Non-myelinated nerve tracts

C)  Myelinated nerve tracts                             

D) Cell bodies & myelinated parts

Q.41        Sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems are divisions of :

A) Central nervous system                              

B) Somatic nervous system

C)  Peripheral nervous system                        

D) Autonomic nervous system

Q.42        It inhibits secretions of digestive tract:

A) Sympathetic nervous system                      

B) Peripheral nervous system

C)  Parasympathetic nervous system               

D) Central nervous system

Q.43        Involuntary tremors, loss of motor power and rigidity are features of:

A) Parkinson’s disease                        

B) Alzheimer’s disease

C)  Epilepsy                                                    

D) Addison’s disease

Q.44        Abrupt transient symptoms of ________ nature can be seen in epilepsy:

A) Motor                     

B) Psychic        

C)  Sensory                 

D) All A, B, C

Q.45        In Alzheimer’s disease, we can observe:

A) Rapid electric discharge in brain                

B) Diminished motor power and rigidity

C)  Decline in brain function                          

D) Changes in consciousness

Q.46        A nerve:

            A) Is the same as a neuron

B)  Is a pathway within the central nervous system

            C) Is a bundle of neuron fibers

            D) Usually contains only motor neurons

Q.47        Sensory ganglion for reflex action is found in:

A) Dorsal root ganglion of spinal nerve          

B) Ventral root of spinal nerve

C)  Visceral organ                                           

D) Gray matter of spinal cord

Q.48        Neurons develop from embryonic:

            A) Ectoderm    

            B) Mesoderm         

            C)  Endoderm   

            D) All A, B, C

Q.49        Which of the following structure or region is incorrectly paired with its function?

A) Limbic system-screening of information between the spinal cord and the brain

B)  Hypothalamus-homeostatic control center

C) Cerebellum-unconscious coordination of movement and balance

            D) Corpus callosum- connecting left and right cerebral hemispheres

Q.50        Nissl’s granules occur in which part and what is their function:

            A) Neurons and help in protein synthesis       

            B) Blood and help in nutrition and excretion

            C)  Sarcoplasm and help in contraction          

            D) Mucous cells and secrete mucus

Q.51        Which of the following is common to all neurons?

A) A cell body which contains a nucleus        

B) Presence of nodes of Ranvier

C)  A thick myelin sheath                               

D) Several long axons

Q.52        “Rest and Peace ” response is related with:

            A) Somatic                                                      

            B) Sympathetic

            C)  Parasympathetic                                        

            D) Peripheral

Q.53        Pons is located at the top of:

            A) Spinal cord                                                

            B) Cerebellum

            C)  Thalamus                                                  

            D) Medulla

Q.54        Grey matter when seen in transverse section of spinal cord is:

            A) Irregular in shape                                       

            B) Butterfly shaped

            C)  Circular in shape                                       

            D) Bean shaped

Q.55        A stimulus unable to produce spike potential in neuron is:

A) Threshold stimulus                                    

B) Sub threshold stimulus

C)  Supra threshold stimulus                           

D) Ultra threshold stimulus

Q.56        Speed of nerve impulse will be reduced by:

A) Myelination                                               

B) Node of Ranvier

C)  Small diameter of nerve fiber                   

D) Large diameter of nerve fiber

Q.57        Which of the following is not related with hindbrain?

            A) Control of breathing                                  

            B) Posture maintenance

            C)  Blood pressure regulation                         

            D) Speech